The Syrian crisis, one of the most complex contemporary conflicts, has provided a platform for the widespread use of cognitive warfare. This warfare, utilizing tools such as international media, social networks, and psychological operations, has targeted changing public perception, undermining political legitimacy, and deepening ethnic and social divisions. This research, conducted using a descriptive-analytical method and framed within critical discourse analysis and cognitive warfare theories, examines the dimensions, tools, and consequences of cognitive warfare in Syria. Findings show that media and social networks, through emotional storytelling, fake news, information bombardment, and shocking images, steered domestic and international public opinion towards targeted narratives. These narratives emphasized the inefficiency of the government, structural corruption, and human tragedies, weakening Syria's legitimacy and increasing international pressure. The social consequences included weakening national cohesion, social polarization, exacerbating ethnic and sectarian divisions, and growing public disillusionment, ultimately undermining the country’s political and social foundations and led to the fall of Bashar Assad's government in 2024. The study emphasizes that cognitive warfare not only influences social behavior but also serves as a strategy to alter political and social structures, highlighting the need for effective strategies to manage similar crises and counter cognitive warfare.