The Syrian crisis, one of the most complex contemporary conflicts, has provided a platform for the widespread use of cognitive warfare. Utilizing tools such as international media, social networks, and psychological operations, this form of warfare has sought to shape public perception, undermine political legitimacy, and deepen ethnic and social divisions. This study, employing a descriptive-analytical approach and drawing on the theoretical frameworks of critical discourse analysis and cognitive warfare, examines the dimensions, tools, and consequences of cognitive warfare in Syria. The findings indicate that media outlets and social networks, through emotional storytelling, fake news, information overload, and shocking imagery, steered domestic and international public opinion toward targeted narratives. These narratives emphasized governmental inefficiency, structural corruption, and humanitarian suffering, thereby weakening the Syrian government's legitimacy and increasing international pressure. The social consequences included weakened national cohesion, increased social polarization, intensified ethnic and sectarian divisions, and growing public disillusionment, ultimately undermining the country's political and social foundations and contributing to the fall of Bashar al-Assad's government in 2024. The study emphasizes that cognitive warfare not only influences social behavior but also serves as a strategy for transforming political and social structures, highlighting the need for effective strategies to manage similar crises and counter cognitive warfare.