The Security Council is the most important pillar of the United Nations in maintaining international peace and security. Established in 1945 under the UN Charter, it has played a vital role in resolving conflicts, authorizing peacekeeping missions, and imposing sanctions. However, its effectiveness has been increasingly questioned due to structural, political, and operational challenges. This research aims to examine the key challenges facing the Security Council in fulfilling its mission of maintaining international peace and security. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this article seeks to answer the question: What challenges does the UN Security Council face in addressing international security crises, particularly those in the Islamic world? The article's hypothesis is that the veto power of the five permanent members, the lack of representation of emerging powers, the operational challenges of maintaining international peace and security, and the changing nature of global threats are among the most significant challenges facing the Security Council in addressing crises and maintaining international peace and security. This article argues that without fundamental reforms, the Security Council risks losing its functionality in the face of new security challenges.