Crisis Studies of the Islamic World

Crisis Studies of the Islamic World

Dual Framing and Gatekeeping in Crisis Coverage: Anaalyzing BBC and CNN's Strategic Narratives of the Al-Ahli Arab Hospital Incident

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Communication, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Communication, University of Religions and Denominations, Qom, Iran
10.27834/CSIW.2510.1595.4.40.6
Abstract
This study examines the news approach adopted by BBC World Service and CNN in their coverage of the bombing of al‑Ahli Arab Hospital in Gaza and seeks to identify the dominant news frames that shaped the representation of this event by the two media outlets. Drawing on the theoretical frameworks of Agenda‑Setting, Framing, and Gatekeeping, the research analyzes how bias, selection, and emphasis were applied in the construction of news narratives related to the incident. The study population includes all news reports and articles published by BBC World Service and CNN in the immediate aftermath of the incident on October 17, 2023. A qualitative content analysis method was employed, using the Thematic Analysis technique to identify and interpret both explicit and implicit themes present in the selected media coverage. The analysis resulted in the extraction of four main organizing themes: reflecting the facts, attributing the explosion to the role of the resistance, emphasizing Israel’s responsibility for the explosion, and casting doubt on the causes and contributing factors of the incident. These themes reveal distinct editorial strategies used by each media outlet. The findings indicate that BBC World Service attempted to preserve its claimed neutrality by presenting contradictory narratives and accommodating opposing viewpoints, a strategy characterized as “playing a double game.” In contrast, CNN’s coverage concentrated on questioning established accounts of the incident and generating uncertainty, thereby advancing a strategy described as “countering reality and creating ambiguity.” Overall, the study highlights how different framing and agenda‑setting practices influenced the construction of meaning and public understanding of the al‑Ahli Arab Hospital bombing within international news discourse.
Keywords

Volume 12, Issue 5 - Serial Number 40
(English issue)
Autumn 2026

  • Receive Date 02 October 2025
  • Revise Date 04 February 2026
  • Accept Date 26 February 2026