Crisis Studies of the Islamic World

Crisis Studies of the Islamic World

A comparative reading of the crisis of resistance and libertarianism in the poems of Mohammad Reza Shabibi and Aref Qazvini

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
dana talebpour 1
Mohammad Shafigh Aski 2
Mehdi shahrokh 3
Hossein Yousofi amoli 4
1 ph.d in arabic language and literature, university of tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Theology and Islamic Studies, Farhangian University, Mazandaran, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Mazandaran University, Babolsar, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Mazandaran University-Babolsar- Iran
10.27834999/CSIW.2402.1368.1.32.8
Abstract
The two countries of Iraq and Iran, due to the similarity of their political-historical situation in the late 19th century and early 20th century, have witnessed the introduction of many themes in the field of resistance and libertarianism literature. Two of the famous poets in this field are Mohammad Reza Shabibi and Aref Qazvini, whose thoughts have played a special role in inspiring the spirit of resistance and libertarianism of the nations (Issue). The current research has been carried out with a descriptive-analytical method and based on the American school of comparative literature (method).The results show: the poems of both poets are strongly influenced by the prevailing political and social situation. In the form of using rhetorical tools, both of them have been able to play an important role in provoking the audience and harmonizing it with the speaking situation of the word. Their defense weapon was the weapon of the word and the pen. Unlike Aref, Shabibi looks at issues more like a sage and criticizes the negative effects of the chaotic situation in the form of moral vices. The more practical aspect of calling for unity can be seen in Shabibi's poem; Because he entered practical reform like a prophet (findings).
Keywords
Resistance
libertarianism
Iraq
Iran
Mohammad Reza Shabibi
Aref Qazvini
Al-Heydari, I. (2013). Iraqi personality; Searching for Identity. Beirut: Dar al-Tanwir. (In Arabic)
Al-Shabibi, M.R. (1940). Diwan Al-Shabibi. Cairo: Scientific Literary League Society. (In Arabic)
Al-Saghir, M.H.A (n,d). Leaders of Religious and Political Thought in Najaf Al-Ashraf. Lebanon: Dar Al-Balagh for Press, Printing and Publishing. )In Arabic(
Al-Khazen, W. (1986). Poetry and Patriotism in Lebanon and the Arab Countries. 2nd edition, Beirut: Dar Al-Mashreq. (In Arabic)
Alwan, Q.S. (1975). Al-Shabibi is a poet. Baghdad: Ministry of Information Publications. (In Arabic)
Dadkhah, H., Tabe’ Jabri, N. (2012). Manifestations of Resistance in the Poetry of Muzaffar al-Nawab. Research in Arabic Language and Literature. (6). 55-74. (In Persian)
Karamad, R., others. (2018). Common Themes of Sustainability in Salman Harati's and Ibrahim Al-Maqademah's Poems. Islamic Awakening Studiesp. 11(8). 7-30. (In Persian)
Kormanj, Sh. (2015). Godliness and crisis in Iraq, translation by Auf Abd al-Rahman Abdullah. Beirut: Dar al-Saghi. (In Persian)
Mohseniniya, N. (2009). Fundamentals of Contemporary Iranian and Arab Resistance Literature. Kerman Sustainability Literature Publication, 1(10), 143-158. (In Persian)
Mohammadi, B. (2015). Investigation and specific themes of the constitutional period based on the poems of five prominent poets of this period. master's thesis, Urmia University. (In Persian)
Maki, A. (1987). Comparative literature; Its origins, development and methods. Cairo: Dar Al-Maaref. (In Arabic)
Mollayi Tovani, A.R. (2002). Constitution and Republic (roots of disorder of democratic order in Iran. Tehran: Gostareh. (In Persian)
Nafisi, S. (2011). Literary memoirs of a teacher. Tehran: Omide Farda. (In Persian)
Naghghash, I. (1996). The Shiites of Iraq. translated by: Abdullah Al-Naimi, Damascus: Dar Al-Mada. (In Arabic)
Pejum, J. (1998). Ceragh Experience. Tehran: sales. (In Persian)
Qazvini, A. (2009). Divan  of Aref Qazvini. Tehran: Sokhan. (In Persian)
------------. (1952). Generalities of Diwan Aref Qazvini, corrected by: Abdul Rahman Seif Azad, 7th edition. Tehran: Amir Kabir. (In Persian)
Sajadi, A.Q. (2004). An introduction to Islam and globalization. Qom: Bostan Ketab. (In Persian)
Shercat Moghadam, S. (2008). Adaptation of Schools of Literature. Journal of Comparative Studies, 12(3). 51-71. (In Persian)
Shukri, Gh. (1987). Resistance literature. Translation: Mohammad Hossein Rouhani, Tehran: Now Publishing.(In Arabic)
Shanawah, A.A. (1995). Al-Shabibi in his political youth. n.p: Kofan Publishing House. (In Arabic)
Sabri, M (1912). Poets of the Age, Egypt: Indian Press. (In Arabic)
Crisis Studies of the Islamic World
Volume 11, Issue 1 - Serial Number 32
Spring Quarterly
Spring 2024
Pages 140-163

  • Receive Date 12 February 2024
  • Revise Date 05 June 2024
  • Accept Date 09 June 2024