Crisis Studies of the Islamic World

Crisis Studies of the Islamic World

Analysis of Political Factors Affecting the Occurrence of Social Dissatisfaction in the Islamic Republic of Iran

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Ayatollah Borujerdi University, Borujerd, Lorestan, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Ayatollah Borujerdi University (RA), Borujerd, Lorestan, Iran
3 Assistant Professor of Department of History and Sociology , University of mohaghegh ardabili
Abstract
Given the importance of political issues concerning government institutions, the purpose of this study is to analyze the political factors affecting the spread of social dissatisfaction in Iran. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and methodically, based on a quantitative and descriptive-analytical approach in the form of deductive strategy, which has used documentary and field-survey methods in order to collect experimental data. The statistical population included citizens over 18 years of age in Tehran, 271 of them were selected as a sample size using sample power software and multi-stage cluster sampling. In order to collect information, a researcher-made questionnaire was used, the validity of which was evaluated by face-content method and its reliability by the method of internal correlation coefficient of items. The  average sum of social dissatisfaction in the Tehran was higher than average, but the tendency for civil and peaceful expressions of dissatisfaction (80.1%) among citizens is more than the tendency for violent expressions of dissatisfaction (7.7%). Also, there is a significant relationship between the variables of state-centered social capital, perception of government inefficiency, feeling of insecurity in the social space, civil liberties, political rights and lasting inconsistency between forces with social dissatisfaction and its manifestations. Erosion of social capital, higher perception of government inefficiency, feeling of social insecurity, reduction of civil liberties and disregard for political rights, as well as perception of incoherence between forces, lead to increased social dissatisfaction.
Keywords

Ahmadi, Y., Esmaeili, A. (2010). The Measure of Women's Societal Security Emotion And Multidimensional Factors Affecting it in Mashhad City. Journal of Applied Sociology, 21(2), 169-190. [In Persian]
Amin Sarmi, N., Khajepour, J. (2015). Investigating trade union factors affecting labor dissatisfaction in Kerman province, Intelligence and Criminal Research Quarterly, 11 (2), 163-180. [In Persian]
Ardestani, A., Tajik, E. (2014). Social riots and the issue of relative deprivation (case study: Khordad 15 uprising in Varamin), Political Quarterly, first period, 3, 47-54. [In Persian]
Badrikouhi, E. (2018). Toward A Fourth generation of revolutionary theory. Strategic Studies of public policy8(27), 381-442. [In Persian]
Barzegar, L. (2016). Measuring the happiness of citizens. Sociology master's thesis, Tehran: Al-Zahra University. [In Persian]
Bourdieu, P. (1986). The Forms of Capital, in J. Richardson (ed.) Handbook of Theory and Research for Sociology of Education, N. Y. Greenwood Press.
Buzan, B. (1983). People, States and Fear: The National Security Problem in International Relations. Brighton: Wheatsheaf.
Brinton, C. (2017). Autopsy of four revolutions. Translation: Mohsen Talasi, Tehran: New Publishing.
Danaifard, H., Sadeghi, M., Mustafazadeh, M. (2014). Analyzing the consequences of bureaucracy politicization in political systems. Strategic Management Thought, 9 (2). 57-86. [In Persian]
Delavari, A., & Rahbari, M. (2023). Election Promises, Government Limitations, and Political Protests in Iran Case study: Rouhani's Second Government (August 2016-September 2017). State Studies, 9(34), 179-214. [In Persian]
Eftekhari, A. (2008). Crisis media management. Communication Research, 15 (55), 31-53. [In Persian]
Giddenz, A., & Turner, J. (1993). Social Theory. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Ghoreishi, F. (2010). The crisis of disharmony among the three powers of sovereignty: the case study of Iran, Political Quarterly, 40(3), 297-316. [In Persian]
Hazarjaribi, J., Safar Shali, R. (2008). Examining life satisfaction and the place of sense of security in it (study among Tehrani citizens). Social Order Quarterly, 1 (3), 7-28. [In Persian]
Hezarjarebi, J., Feli, J. (2016). Sense of Security and Its Relationship with Life Satisfaction (Case Study: PNU Students in Kermanshah Province). Social Development, Welfare Planning, 7(27),117-144. [In Persian]
Hosseinizadeh, S.S. (2019). Management of social grievances (case study: citizens of Tehran). Service alternative research project, National Defense and Strategic Research University and Research Institute, Tehran. [In Persian]
Ingelhart, R. (1997). Modernization and Post-Modernization: Cultural, Economic and Political Chang in 43 Societies, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Inglehart, R., Abramson, P.R (2008), Economic Security and Value Transformation, translated by Shahnaz Shafi Khani, Research Journal, No. 14 and 15: pp. 59-103.
ISPA (Iranian Students' Opinion Survey Center) (2018). Presenting the results of three polls regarding the protests of December 2016. Retrieved date: 10/11/2018. [In Persian]
Jamshidiha, G., Kurdi, H., Mohammadi, M. (2012). Investigating the relationship between students' quality of life and efficient attitude towards the political system, Socio-Cultural Development Studies, 1(2), 28-50. [In Persian]
Kayseri, N., Hosseini, S.M. (2012). dimensions and indicators of sustainable security; Based on the national convergence engineering model. Afaq Security Quarterly, 5 (20),107-71. [In Persian]
Mohammadi Khanghahi, M., Keshavarz Shokri, A., & Zahed, G. (2023). Causal Layers of Social Dissatisfaction in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Political Strategic Studies, 12(46), 47-84. [In Persian]
Mohammadifar, N., Shahramnia, A., Masoudnia, H., & Hatami, A. (2017). A Study on the Relationship between the vindication of civil rights and Kind of political participation, Case Study: Isfahan city. Journal of Applied Sociology, 28(2), 147-162. [In Persian]
Misztal, B. A‌. (1996). Trust in Modern societies:The Search for the Bases of Social Order, Blackwell.
Nowzari, H.A. (2009). Rereading Habermas: An Introduction to Opinions. Thoughts and theories of Jürgen Habermas, Tehran: Cheshme. [In Persian]
Niazi, M., Hosseinizadeh Arani, S.S., Sakhai, A., Imamalizadeh, H. (2015). Meta-analysis of studies and researches on social capital and sense of social security. Social Order,‌ 8(1), 1-34. [In Persian]
Niazi, M., Ganji, M., & Namwarmoghadam, F. (2017). Social factors affecting life satisfaction Case Study: Citizens of Kashan City in 2015. Social Development & Welfare Planning, 8(31), 203-229. [In Persian]
Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community, New York, London, Simon & Schuster.
Putnam, R. D. (1401). Bowling Alone: ​​The Collapse and Revival of American Community, translated by Ghorban Abbasi, Tehran: Nashrul Masala. [In Persian]
Rafiei Bahadi, M., Hajiani, I. (2012). Examining life satisfaction and factors affecting it (using the results of a national survey). Sociology of Iran's Social Issues, 2 (5), 53-78. [In Persian]
Ramezani Arani, M., & Mohammadin Saravi, M. (2020). Identify and Prioritize of The Economic Factors Affecting Social Discontent (The study of citizens of Tehran). Strategic Management Studies of National Defence Studies, 10(38), 97-71. [In Persian]
Rezadoost, K., Hezar Jaribi, J., Kazemi, E., & Tavafi, H. (2023). Discourse Analysis of the Grounds of Dissatisfaction and Protest Behaviors of the Last Two Decades (with an Emphasis on Laclau and Mouffe's Discourse Analysis Method). Sociology of Social Institutions, 10(21), 235-277. [In Persian]
Roche, Gay (2022). Social Changes, translated by Mansour Vosoughi, Tehran: Nay Publication. [In Persian]
Saboktakinrizi, G., Rohandeh, M., Sobatiyan, S. M., & Jafari, A. (2016). Satisfaction and political-social participation (A survey). Journal of Applied Sociology, 27(3), 97-116. doi: 10.22108/jas.2016.20498. [In Persian]
Sadeghian, K., Elmi, M. (2014). Investigating the relationship between social satisfaction and social responsibility of Ajabshir high school teachers. Sociological Studies, 5 (19), 21-38. [In Persian]
Sardarnia, K., & Kiani, F. (2016). Analysis of Syria Crisis from Social Cleavages Perspective. Journal of Political Socology of Islamic World, 4(8), 111-132. [In Persian]
Sharifi, R. (2009). Examining the psychological dimensions of the violence of the rioting population and the methods of influencing it. Basij Studies Quarterly,12(45), 5-39. [In Persian]
Tohidlou, S. (2023). Meta-synthesis of existing analyzes about Iran’s 1401 protests. Iranian Journal of Sociology, 23(4), 145-179. [In Persian]