Following the collapse of the Soviet Union and the rise of Islamic movements, the North Caucasus has experienced increasing insecurity and instability. The Arab Spring and the outbreak of the Syrian crisis in 2011 intensified Salafi activities and facilitated the involvement of North Caucasian militants in the Syrian conflict. This development contributed to the expansion of Salafi-Takfiri networks both within and beyond the region. Given the geopolitical significance of the North Caucasus, this study examines the implications of the participation of North Caucasian Salafi-Takfiri groups in the Syrian conflict for Russia’s national security. The central research question asks: How has the involvement of North Caucasian Salafi-Takfiri groups in the Syrian crisis affected Russia’s national security? Based on the assumption that their involvement has exacerbated terrorist threats, facilitated the spread of extremism, and undermined regional stability, the study hypothesizes that the participation of these groups in the Syrian conflict has had significant adverse effects on Russia’s national security. The findings confirm that the involvement of North Caucasian Salafi-Takfiri groups in Syria poses a serious challenge to Russia’s national security by fueling regional instability and strengthening extremist networks. The study highlights the importance of developing a comprehensive understanding of these threats to preserve regional stability and safeguard Russia’s national interests. Methodologically, the research adopts a descriptive-analytical approach and relies on library-based sources for data collection.