Paradiplomatic Theory and Framing Foreign Policy Based on Cultural Logic: Providing an Agenda for the Field of Iranian-Islamic Civilization

Khaleghi Nezhad, Maryam; Nazari, Aliashraf

doi:10.22034/csiw.2026.736818

Paradiplomatic Theory and Framing Foreign Policy Based on Cultural Logic: Providing an Agenda for the Field of Iranian-Islamic Civilization

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Maryam Khaleghi Nezhad ¹

Aliashraf Nazari ²

¹ Postdoctoral researcher at Grand Ayatollah Boroujerdi University

² Associate Professor/Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, University of Tehran

10.22034/csiw.2026.736818

Abstract

Given the growing importance of innovative diplomatic approaches in international relations, exploring new forms of diplomacy has become essential for shaping foreign policy based on cultural logic. Drawing on the expanding body of literature on paradiplomacy and its increasing significance in enhancing the effectiveness of subnational and non-state actors, this article seeks to address existing ambiguities surrounding the evolution and conceptual foundations of paradiplomacy. It also aims to fill a gap in the literature regarding the role of paradiplomacy in strengthening soft power and addressing contemporary national and international challenges. Against this backdrop, the study proposes a new framework for applying paradiplomacy to the promotion and development of Iranian civilization. The central research question asks: How can paradiplomacy contribute to the growth and development of Iranian civilization? The study hypothesizes that, through its cultural logic and innovative foreign policy frameworks, paradiplomacy—particularly through the activities of paradiplomatic actors—can make a significant contribution to the growth, advancement, and flourishing of Iranian civilization. Methodologically, the research adopts a qualitative, analytical, and explanatory approach and relies on data collected from credible library-based sources.

Keywords

Paradiplomacy

Foreign Policy

Cultural logic

Iranian Civilization

Islam