Natural disasters disrupt social stability and can undermine citizens' compliance with the law. Under such extraordinary conditions, the regulatory capacity of criminal law—essential in both normal and crisis situations—requires adaptive, innovative, and responsive strategies. Drawing on a descriptive-analytical approach and extensive library research, this study examines the principles of differential criminal law and their application within the existing legislative framework. The analysis focuses on four key factors: the nature of the offense, the situational context, the victim, and the offender. On this basis, the study demonstrates an urgent need to develop a form of "differential criminal law tailored to crisis situations." The findings highlight the importance of adopting stricter responses to certain offenses, imposing more severe penalties on offenders, and establishing comprehensive safeguards for citizens' vulnerable rights during crises as essential components of criminal justice policy in such circumstances. The study further emphasizes the need for both supportive and preventive measures for individuals affected by natural disasters, as well as more effective criminal regulations to deter professional misconduct—particularly in light of deficiencies in existing legislation, including Note 2 to Article 514 of the Islamic Penal Code, Note 7 to Article 100 of the Municipalities Act, and Article 91 of the Engineering System Law. In conclusion, the study underscores the necessity of establishing a distinct, specialized system of differential criminal law for emergency situations.