تأثیر تحریم‌ها بر حقوق اجتماعی- سیاسی شهروندان سومالی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران

2 استاد گروه روابط بین الملل، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران

3 استادیار گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران

چکیده

تأمین حقوق اجتماعی- سیاسی شهروندان یکی از وظایف حکومت­‌ها محسوب می‌شود که در قوانین داخلی کشورها به صراحت به آن اشاره می‌گردد. اما تأمین این حقوق گاه با موانع خارجی مواجه می‌گردد. یکی از این موانع، تحریم‌های یک‌جانبه و چندجانبه هستند. علی رغم اینکه وضع کنندگان تحریم همواره چنین تأثیری را منکر می‌شوند اما اکثر پژوهش‌های صورت گرفته در این خصوص، این گزاره را رد کرده‌اند. یکی از کشورهایی که طولانی‌­ترین و گسترده­‌ترین تحریم‌­های یک‌جانبه و چندجانبه را تجربه کرده است کشور سومالی است. این مقاله قصد دارد به این پرسش پاسخ دهد که تحریم­‌ها چه تأثیری بر حقوق اجتماعی-سیاسی شهروندان سومالی داشته است؟ فرضیه پژوهش به این نکته اشاره دارد که تحریم‌­ها بیش از نظام سیاسی و رهبران، شهروندان عادی را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌­دهد. بنابراین ناقض حقوق اجتماعی- سیاسی شهروندان سومالیایی هستند. برای پاسخ به سؤال پژوهش؛ بر اساس شاخص‌­های جهانی حق حیات، حق سلامت و کیفیت حکمرانی در دوره اعمال تحریم‌­ها علیه سومالی با روش اسنادی- توصیفی مورد ارزیابی قرارگرفت. یافته‌­های پژوهش به لحاظ تجربی و مصداقی نشان دادند حق حیات و حق سلامت در سومالی طی سال­‌های اعمال تحریم به شدت نقض شده و تحریم‌­ها نتوانسته­‌اند هیچ بهبودی در شاخص­‌های حکمرانی در این کشور ایجاد کنند. همچنین در بعد نظری یافته‌­های دیگر پژوهش­‌ها درخصوص تأثیرات منفی تحریم بر حقوق بشر تأیید گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Impact of Sanctions on the Socio-Political Rights of Somali Citizens

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sara Mousavi 1
  • Ali Bagheri Dolatabadi 2
  • Reza Eltiaminia 3
  • Mojtaba Shariati 3
1 Ph.D. in Political Scinece from Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Humanities, Yasouj University, Yasouj. Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Ensuring the socio-political rights of citizens is one of the obligations of governments, which is clearly mentioned in the internal laws of countries. But guaranteeing these rights sometimes faces external obstacles. One of these obstacles is unilateral and multilateral sanctions. In spite of the fact that the states imposing sanctions always deny such an effect, but most of the researches conducted in this regard have rejected this proposition. One of the countries that has experienced the longest and most extensive unilateral and multilateral sanctions is Somalia. This article aims to answer the question: what effect did the sanctions have on the socio-political rights of Somali citizens? The hypothesis of the research points out that sanctions affect ordinary citizens more than the political system and its leaders. Therefore, they violate the socio-political rights of Somali citizens. To answer the research question; we used the global indicators of the right to life, the right to health, and the quality of governance during the period of sanctions against Somalia. The gathered data was evaluated with a documentary-descriptive method. The research findings empirically showed that the right to life and the right to health has been severely violated in Somalia during the years of sanctions, and the sanctions have not been able to bring about any improvement in governance indicators in this country. Also, from the theoretical dimension, the findings of other researchers regarding the negative effects of sanctions on human rights were confirmed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • : sanctions
  • human rights
  • United Nations
  • right to life
  • right to health
  • democracy
  • Somalia
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