بحران پژوهی جهان اسلام

بحران پژوهی جهان اسلام

تحلیل نقش منابع جغرافیایی قدرت در بحران‌های ژئوپلیتیکی جهان اسلام (نمونه موردی: بحران قره باغ و کشمیر)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 فردوسی مشهد
2 تربیت مدرس
چکیده
پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تحلیل تطبیقی تأثیر مؤلفه‌های جغرافیای قدرت، از جمله منابع طبیعی، موقعیت استراتژیک و ترکیب قومی‌ـ مذهبی، در دو بحران ژئوپلیتیکی قره‌باغ و کشمیر ایجاد شده است. پرسش اصلی تحقیق حاضر این است که چگونه منابع جغرافیای قدرت، شامل مؤلفه‌هایی نظیر منابع طبیعی، موقعیت استراتژیک، ترکیب قومی‌ـ مذهبی و ابعاد انسانی در روابط بازیگران قدرت تأثیر گذاشته و موجب تعمیق بحران‌های ژئوپلیتیکی قره‌باغ و کشمیر شده‌اند؟ روش‌شناسی این پژوهش مبتنی بر تحلیل تطبیقی است که در آن به بررسی نقش و تأثیرات این مؤلفه‌ها در تشدید بحران‌ها پرداخته می‌شود. فرضیه پژوهش بر این اساس استوار است که رقابت‌های منطقه‌ای و بین‌المللی در کنار شکاف‌های قومی و مذهبی، به ویژه در دو بحران قره‌باغ و کشمیر باعث پیچیدگی و طولانی شدن درگیری‌ها و مانع از رسیدن به راه‌حل‌های پایدار شده‌اند. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که قره‌باغ و کشمیر، هر دو به‌عنوان مناطق استراتژیک در جهان اسلام با منابع طبیعی ارزشمند، درگیر منازعات طولانی‌مدتی هستند که تحت تأثیر رقابت‌های قدرت‌های بزرگ و منطقه‌ای قرار گرفته‌اند. در قره‌باغ، ترکیب قومی و مذهبی میان ارامنه و آذری‌ها، نقش روسیه و ترکیه، و منابع آبی و معدنی به‌طور مستقیم بر تشدید جنگ و منازعه تأثیر گذاشته است. در کشمیر، تضادهای مذهبی میان مسلمانان و هندوها، نقش چین و پاکستان، و اهمیت منابع آبی، به‌ویژه برای کشاورزی و تأمین آب شرب، از عوامل اصلی تشدید بحران میان هند و پاکستان است. ابعاد انسانی این بحران‌ها، از جمله آوارگی‌های گسترده، تخریب زیرساخت‌ها و ناآرامی‌های اجتماعی به تعمیق خصومت‌های قومی و مذهبی دامن زده و مانع از دستیابی به صلح پایدار شده است.
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